Care Instructions - Lemon Balm

Lemon Balm (Melissa officinalis) is a versatile and aromatic perennial herb known for its lemon-scented leaves and calming properties. This guide will help you grow lemon balm using regenerative organic and permaculture methods.

Plant Details

Lemon Balm is a fast-growing perennial herb that belongs to the mint family. It forms bushy clumps of fragrant foliage and produces small, inconspicuous flowers.

Characteristics:

• Native to southern Europe and the Mediterranean region

• Grows 1-2 feet tall and wide

• Flowers are small, white or pale pink, and bloom from June to August

• USDA Hardiness Zones: 4-9

Starting from Seed

Lemon Balm is easily propagated from seed and thrives when started directly in the garden.

Seed Starting:

1. Sow seeds in early spring or fall for spring germination

2. Choose a partially shaded to sunny location with well-draining soil

3. Sprinkle seeds on the soil surface without covering them, as they need light to germinate

4. Gently tamp the seeds to ensure good soil contact

5. Keep the soil consistently moist until germination, which typically occurs in 7-14 days

Cold Stratification:

To improve germination rates, cold stratify seeds for 2-4 weeks at 35-40°F (2-4°C) before sowing

Growing and Care

Lemon Balm thrives in partial shade to full sun and well-draining soil, making it an excellent choice for herb gardens and permaculture systems.

Soil and Planting:

• Choose a location that receives partial shade to full sun (at least 4-6 hours daily)

• Prepare the soil by incorporating organic matter to improve drainage, though lemon balm adapts to various soil conditions

• Space plants 12-18 inches apart to allow for proper air circulation

Watering:

• Water seedlings regularly to keep the soil moist but not waterlogged

• Once established, lemon balm is relatively drought-tolerant but benefits from consistent moisture

Fertilizing:

• Lemon balm generally doesn't require heavy fertilization, especially in nutrient-rich soil

• If desired, apply a light layer of compost around the plants in spring to support growth

Companion Planting:

Lemon Balm grows well alongside:

• Tomatoes

• Squash

• Brassicas

• Other herbs like basil and oregano

Pest and Disease Management:

• Lemon balm is generally resistant to pests and diseases

• Ensure good air circulation to prevent fungal issues

• Avoid overwatering to prevent root rot

Harvesting

Harvest lemon balm leaves throughout the growing season for various uses, including culinary and medicinal applications.

Leaf Harvest:

• Begin harvesting when plants reach 6-8 inches tall

• Cut stems back to just above a leaf intersection to encourage bushier growth

• Harvest in the morning when essential oil content is highest

Flower Harvest:

• Gather flowers when in full bloom for use in teas or as garnishes

Seed Saving

Lemon Balm is a prolific self-seeder, making it easy to maintain a continuous supply.

1. Allow some plants to flower and set seed

2. When seed heads turn brown, cut the entire stalk

3. Place stalks in paper bags and shake to release seeds

4. Sift out plant debris and store seeds in a cool, dry place

By following these methods, you can successfully grow lemon balm in your garden, benefiting from its aromatic leaves, calming properties, and ability to attract beneficial insects.