Care Instructions - Mullein

Mullein (Verbascum thapsus) is a versatile and resilient biennial plant known for its tall, striking flower stalks and large, fuzzy leaves. This guide will help you grow mullein using regenerative organic and permaculture methods.

Plant Details

Mullein is a biennial plant, meaning it completes its lifecycle over two years. In the first year, it forms a rosette of large, velvety leaves close to the ground. In the second year, it produces a tall flower stalk that can reach up to 6-10 feet in height

Characteristics:

• Native to Europe, North Africa, and Asia

• Drought-tolerant and adaptable to poor soil conditions

• Flowers are yellow and bloom from June to October

• USDA Hardiness Zones: 3-9

Starting from Seed

Mullein is easily propagated from seed and thrives when started directly in the garden.

Seed Starting:

1. Sow seeds in early spring or fall for spring germination

2. Choose a sunny location with well-draining soil.

3. Sprinkle seeds on the soil surface without covering them, as they need light to germinate

4. Gently tamp the seeds to ensure good soil contact.

5. Keep the soil consistently moist until germination, which typically occurs in 14-21 days

Cold Stratification:

To improve germination rates, cold stratify seeds for 4-6 weeks at 34-40°F (2-4°C) before sowing

Growing and Care

Mullein thrives in full sun and well-draining soil, making it an excellent choice for most gardens.

Soil and Planting:

• Choose a location that receives full sun (at least 6 hours daily)

• Prepare the soil by incorporating organic matter to improve drainage. but mullein thrives even in poor soil conditions.

• Space plants 1-2 feet apart to allow for proper air circulation

Watering:

• Water seedlings regularly to keep the soil moist but not waterlogged.

• Once established, mullein is drought-tolerant and requires minimal watering

Fertilizing:

• Mullein generally doesn't require fertilization, especially in nutrient-rich soil.

• If desired, apply a light layer of compost around the plants in spring to support growth

Companion Planting:

Mullein grows well alongside:

• Peonies

• Russian Sage

• Lady's Mantle

• Sedum

• Coneflower

• Ornamental Grasses1

Pest and Disease Management:

• Mullein is generally resistant to pests and diseases.

• Ensure good air circulation to prevent fungal issues.

• Avoid overwatering to prevent root rot1.

Harvesting

Harvest mullein leaves and flowers for various uses, including herbal remedies and natural dyes.

Leaf Harvest:

• Collect young, tender leaves in the first year of growth.

• Harvest in the morning when essential oil content is highest

Flower Harvest:

• Gather flowers between June and October.

• Pick flowers in the morning and dry them in a shaded area or put them directly into tincture/oils.

Seed Saving

Mullein is an excellent self-seeder, making it easy to maintain a continuous supply.

1. Allow some plants to complete their lifecycle and produce seeds.

2. When flower stalks turn brown and crispy, cut the entire stalk.

3. Shake the stalk over a bucket to release seeds.

4. Sift out plant debris and store seeds in a cool, dry plac

By following these methods, you can successfully grow mullein in your garden, benefiting from its beauty, medicinal properties, and ability to attract pollinators.